Slovo úvodem

Debora Karetová

Interv Akut Kardiol. 2023;22(2):62  

Vena cava filters

Miroslav Chochola

Interv Akut Kardiol. 2023;22(2):63-69 | DOI: 10.36290/kar.2023.016  

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Although most patients can be treated safely with anticoagulation, inferior vena cava filters (IVCF) represent an important alternative to anticoagulation in a small subset of patients. After the introduction of temporary IVC filters, the number of implantations has had an upward trend. Indications for IVCF insertion have been liberalized despite limited evidence supporting the practice. In addition, IVC filters are associated with a number of serious complications. In this article, we comprehensively review the entire issue of IVCF, including indications,...

From venous thromboembolism to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease

David Ambrož, Pavel Jansa

Interv Akut Kardiol. 2023;22(2):70-73 | DOI: 10.36290/kar.2023.018  

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is a serious complication of acute venous thromboembolism which, if unrecognized and untreated, leads to death. This case report presents the development of pulmonary hypertension in a patient after pulmonary embolism.

Cancer-associated thromboembolism

doc. MUDr. Debora Karetová, CSc.

Interv Akut Kardiol. 2023;22(2):74-78 | DOI: 10.36290/kar.2023.021  

Cancer is a major risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The incidence of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) in cancer patients is increasing due to improved antitumor treatment options and the prolongation of patients' lives. It constitutes up to 25% of all VTE cases. CAT causes higher morbidity and mortality, as well as a deterioration in the quality of life. Daily subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) has been the standard treatment for CAT for years. Data on the safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in this population have emerged in recent years and have been included in recent international guidelines. For...

Endovascular treatment of pelvic congestion syndrome

Pavel Procházka, Jozef Kučerák, David Ambrož, Johana Horáková, Jan Bělohlávek, Aleš Linhart

Interv Akut Kardiol. 2023;22(2):79-82 | DOI: 10.36290/kar.2023.019  

Pelvic congestion syndrome is a chronic disease affecting women of childbearing age which significantly and in the long-term affects the quality of life of patients. Causes of the syndrome are ovarian vein incompetence, compression syndromes, and sequelae of extensive venous thrombosis. The disease is predominantly managed with endovascular treatment, consisting of embolization of incompetent veins and recanalization in the case of compression syndromes or chronic venous occlusions. The technical success rate is high, while the clinical success rate is lower.

Iatrogenic aortic dissection as a complication of percutaneous coronary interventions

Johana Horáková, Aleš Král, Pavel Procházka, Aleš Linhart

Interv Akut Kardiol. 2023;22(2):83-86 | DOI: 10.36290/kar.2023.020  

Iatrogenic aortic dissection is a rare but life-threatening complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Emergency surgical treatment is recommended for spontaneous type A aortic dissection, but no specific recommendations have been formulated for iatrogenic dissections. In early studies, the mortality rate of surgically treated patients with iatrogenic aortic dissection was as high as 50%, but according to the currently available registry data, the mortality rate seems comparable to that of patients operated on for spontaneous type A aortic dissection (approximately 16%). However, case reports have been presented of patients successfully...

Infectious aneurysm of thoracic aorta

Michaela Veselá, Pavel Procházka, Tomáš Klika, David Ambrož, Gabriela Dostálová, Barbora Chocholová, Debora Karetová, Aleš Linhart

Interv Akut Kardiol. 2023;22(2):87-89 | DOI: 10.36290/kar.2023.017  

Infectious pseudoaneurysm of the aorta is a rapidly progressive disease with high mortality. Therefore, early diagnosis and combination therapy are crucial. The condition is manifested by signs of aortic syndrome and elevated inflammatory markers. The treatment consists of antibiotic therapy (based on blood cultures) in combination with surgical or endovascular approach according to the general condition of the patient. The main complication, depending on the rate of progression, is aortic wall rupture with fatal consequences.

What has the EAST-AFNET 4 trial and its sub-analyses found?

Petr Peichl, Josef Kautzner

Interv Akut Kardiol. 2023;22(2):91-94 | DOI: 10.36290/kar.2023.013  

The EAST-AFNET 4 trial has brought a major paradigm shift in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). The results of the trial have confirmed the findings of previous observational studies that have demonstrated that in patients with recently diagnosed AF, early rhythm control improves prognosis compared to usual care (mostly aimed at rate control). The sub-analyses have shown that the observed benefit is dependent on the presence of sinus rhythm. Thus, in patients with recently diagnosed AF, the treatment should aim at restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm. This applies to patients with both paroxysmal and persistent AF regardless of the presence...

Endovascular treatment for infectious aortitis

Pavel Procházka, Jozef Kučerák, David Ambrož, Johana Horáková, Jan Bělohlávek, Aleš Linhart

Interv Akut Kardiol. 2023;22(2):95-98 | DOI: 10.36290/kar.2023.014  

Infectious aortitis is a serious acute disease with a high mortality rate. According to current guidelines, its treatment consists of antibiotic therapy and radical surgical treatment, but since this disease also affects patients of advanced age with multiple internal medicine comorbidities, radical surgical treatment is often not possible. Endovascular therapy in combination with prolonged antibiotic therapy is often the only possible treatment and brings satisfactory results. Below we present a case of a patient treated in our centre and a review of the literature.