Interv Akut Kardiol. 2007;6(3)

Úvodní slovo

MUDr. Karel Dvořák CSc

Published: July 1, 2007  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Dvořák K. Úvodní slovo. Interv Akut Kardiol. 2007;6(3):.

V průběhu XIV. výročního kardiologického sjezdu ČKS se dne 9. 5. 2006 uskutečnilo sympozium PS Akutní kardiologie na téma "Plicní embolie od A do Z". Sympozium se setkalo se zaplněným sálem a nevšedním zájmem posluchačů, což svědčí o tom, že problematika diagnostiky a terapie plicní embolie je v neustálém vývoji. V posledních letech se touto problematikou zabývala řada vědeckých pojednání a monografií. Z naší odborné literatury je nutno připomenout stať profesora Riedla v knize Kardiologie od profesora Aschermanna a spolupracovníků z r. 2004 a monografii Akutní plicní embolie a žilní trombóza, II. vydání od prof. Widimského a profesora Malého a spolupracovníků z r. 2005.

Na sympoziu zaznělo 8 přednášek, které pochopitelně nemohly obsáhnout problematiku plicní embolie v plné šíři, ale dotýkaly všech zásadních otázek, které jsou nejvíce diskutovány.

Předložené supplementum zahrnuje všechna přednesená sdělení, přičemž dvě přednášky týkající se chronické tromboembolické plicní hypertenze doktora Jansy a doc. Lindnera byly zahrnuty do jednoho společného článku. Navíc byla do supplementa zařazena přednáška doktora Štípala a spolupracovníků týkající se diagnostiky plicní embolie, která zazněla na kardiologickém sjezdu v sekci "Volná sdělení - akutní stavy v kardiologii".

Žádný ze zařazených článků nebyl po odborné ani formální stránce redigován a vyjadřuje osobní zkušenost a názor autora.

Věřím, že supplementum bude pro kardiology, internisty i praktické lékaře přínosem a podnětem, jak zlepšit péči o naše nemocné s plicní embolií.

Download citation

References

  1. PISA-PED Investigators. Invasive and noninvasive diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Chest 1995; 107: 33S-38S. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  2. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of suspected acute pulmonary embolism. Thorax 2003; 58: 470-483.
  3. Widimský J, Malý J a kolektiv. Akutní plicní embolie a žilní trombóza. 2. rozšířené a přepracované vydání. Praha: Triton 2005: 381 s.
  4. Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M et al. Derivation of a simple clinical model to categorize patients´ probability of pulmonary embolism: increasing the model´s utility with the SimpliRED D-dimer. Thromb Haemostat 2000; 83: 416-420. Go to original source...
  5. Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M et al. Excluding pulmonary embolism at the bedside without diagnostic imaging: management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism presenting in the emergency department by using a simple clinical model and D-dimer. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135: 98-107. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  6. Torbicki A, van Beek E J R, Charbonnier B et al. Guidelines on diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J 2000; 21: 1301-1336. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  7. Widimský J. Stratifikace rizika akutní plicní embolie. Cor Vasa 2004; 46: 379-383.
  8. Goldhaber SZ, Visani L, DeRosa M. for ICOPER. Acute pulmonary embolism: clinical outcomes in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER). Lancet 1999; 353: 1386-1389. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  9. Nazeyrollas P, Metz D. Diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography-Doppler in acute pulmonary embolism. Int J Cardiol 1995; 47: 273-280. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  10. Nazeyrollas P, Metz D. Use of transthoracic doppler echocardiography combined with clinical and electrocardiographic data to predict acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J. 1996; 17: 779-786. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  11. Pruszcyk P, Torbicki A, Ryszard P et al. Noninvasive diagnosis of suspected severe pulmonary embolism. Transesophageal echocardiography vs. Spiral CT. Chest 1997; 112: 722-728. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  12. The PIOPED Investigators. Value of the ventilation/perfusion scan in acute pulmonary embolism: results of the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED). 1990; 263: 2753-2759. Go to original source...
  13. Eliáš P. Úloha výpočetní tomografie v diagnostice plicní embolie. Widimský J, Malý J, a kolektiv. Akutní plicní embolie a žilní trombóza. 2. rozšířené a přepracované vydání. Praha: Triton 2005: s. 111-126.
  14. Schoepf UJ, Goldhaber SZ, Costello P. Spiral computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. Circulation 2004; 109: 2160-2167. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  15. Van Strijen MJL, De Monye W, Kieft GJ et al. Accuracy of single-detector spiral CT in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a prospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients with abnormal perfusion scintigraphy. J Tromb Haemost 2005; 3: 17-25. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  16. Moores LK, Jackson WLJr, Shorr AF, Jackson JL. Meta-analysis: outcomes in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism managed with computed tomographic pulmonary angiography. Ann Intern Med 2004; 141: 866-874. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  17. Quiroz B, Kucher N, Zou KH, et al. Clinical validity of a negative computed tomography scan in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. A systematic review. JAMA 2005; 293: 2012-2017. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  18. van Beek EJ, Reekers JA, Batchelor DA et al. Feasibility, safety and clinical utility of angiography in patiens with suspected pulmonary embolism. Eur Radiol 1996; 6: 415-419. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  19. Henry JW, Relyea B, Stein PD. Continuing risk of thromboemboli among patiens with normal pulmonary angiograms. Chest 1995; 107: 1375-1378. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  20. Blachere H, Latrane V, Montaudon M, et al. Pulmonary embolism revealed on helical CT angiography: comparison with ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning. Am J Roentgenol 2000; 174: 1041-1047. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  21. van Beek EJ, Brouwerst EM, Song B, et al. Clinical validity of a normal pulmonary angiogram in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism: a critical review. Clin Radiol 2001; 56: 838-942. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  22. Perrier A, Roy P-M, Sanchez O, et al. Multidetector-row computed tomography in suspected pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1760-1768. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  23. Writing Group for the CHRISTOPHER Study Investigators. Effectiveness of managing suspected pulmonary embolism using an algorithm combining clinical probability, D-dimer testing, and computed tomography. JAMA 2006; 295: 172-180. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  24. Stein PD, Goodman LR, Gottschalk A, et al, for the PIOPED II Investigators. Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 2317-2327. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  25. Perrier A, Bounameaux H. Accuracy or outcome in suspected pulmonary embolism. Editorial. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 2383-2385. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  26. ##
  27. Huisman M, Rosendaal F. Thrombophilia. Current Opinion in Hematol 1999; 5: 291-297. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  28. Widimský J, Malý J et al. Akutní plicní embolie a žilní trombóza. Triton 2005.
  29. Malý R, Pecka M, Vodičková L, Dulíček P, Pešavová L. Možnosti laboratorní diagnostiky trombofilních stavů In. Pecka M, Malý J. Laboratorní hematologie. HK CREDIT, Hradec Králové 2000.
  30. Pecka M, Malý J. Laboratorní hematologie. HK CREDIT, Hradec Králové 2000.
  31. Egeberg O. Inherited antithrombin deficiency causing thrombophilia, Thromb Diathesis Haemorrhagica 1965; 13: 516-530. Go to original source...
  32. Griffin JH, Evatt B, Zimmerman TS et al. Deficiency of protein C in congenital thrombotic disease. J Clin Invest 1981; 68: 1370-1373. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  33. Dahlbeck B, Carlsson M, Svensson PJ. Familial thrombophilia due to a previously unrecognised mechanism characterised by poor anticoagulation response to activated protein C. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1993; 90: 1004-1008. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  34. Poort SR, Rosendaal FR, Reitsma PH, Bertina RM. A common genetis variation in the 3´-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increase in venous thrombosis, Blood 1996; 88: 3698-3703. Go to original source...
  35. Hudeček J, Ivanková J, Dobrotová M a spol. Analýza fenotypu resistence na aktivovaný protein C. Vnitřní Lék 1999; 45: 723-728.
  36. Mammen EF, Barnhart MI, Selik NR et al., ,Sticky Platelet Syndrome": a congenital platelet abnormality predisposing to thrombosis. Folia Haematol 1988; 115: 361-365. Go to original source...
  37. Mammen EF. Sticky platelet syndrome. Semin Thromb Hemost 1999; 25: 361-345. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  38. Bick RL. Sticky platelet syndrome: A common cause of unexplained arterial and venous thrombosis. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 1998a; 4: 77-81. Go to original source...
  39. Alacrón-Segovia D, Cabral AR. The concept and classification of antiphospholipid/cofactor syndromes. Lupus 1996; 5: 364-367. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  40. Asherson RA, Piette JC. The catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome 1996: acute multi-organ failure associated with antiphospholipid antibodies: a review of 31 patients. Lupus 1996; 5: 414-417. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  41. Bick RL. The Antiphospholipid Thrombosis Syndromes: A Common Multidisciplinary Medical Problem. Clin Appl Thrombosis/Hemostasis 1997; 3: 270-283. Go to original source...
  42. Ballard HS, Nyamuswa G. Life-Threating Haemorrhage in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis and a Lupus Anticoagulant Coexisting with Acquired Autoantibodies Against Factor VIII. Br J heumatol 1993;131: 515-517. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  43. Penka M, Buliková A, Matýšková M, Zavřelová J. Hematologie I. Praha: Grada Publishing, 2003.
  44. Branch DW, Silver RM. Criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome: early pregnancy loss, fetal loss, or recurrent pregnancy loss? Lupus 1996; 5: 409-413. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  45. ##
  46. Braunwald E. Heart Disease. 7th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elservier Sanders, 2005.
  47. Peacock AJ, Rubin LJ. Pulmonary Circulation. Arnold 2004.
  48. Ševčík P, Černý V, Vítovec J et al. Intenzivní medicína. Praha: Galén, 2000.
  49. Widimský J, Malý J. Akutní plicní embolie a žilní trombóza. Praha: Triton, 2005.
  50. Widimský J, Malý J. Doporučení diagnostiky a léčby plicní embolie. Cor Vasa 2001; 43: K158-K184.
  51. ##
  52. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of suspected acute pulmonary embolism. Torax 2003; 58: 470-484.
  53. Remy-Jardin et al. Frequency of isolated subsegmental PE, Eur radiol 2002; 12: 1971-1978. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  54. Perner A et al. Subsegmental pulmonary emboliím. N Engl Med 2005; 352: 1760-1768. Go to original source...
  55. Computer-aided detection of periferal pulmonary emboli, Scientific Paper B-492, ECR 2004.
  56. ##
  57. Goldhaber SZ. Pulmonary embolism, in Braunawald´s heart disease. A textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 7-th edition, Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders, 2005;1789-1806.
  58. Dunn KL, Wolf JP, Dorfman DM, Fitzpatrick P, Baker JL, Goldhaber SZ. Normal D-dimer levels in emergency department patiens suspected of acute pulmonary embolism. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:1475-478. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  59. Ginsberg JS, Wells PS, Kearon C et al. Sensitivity and specificity of a rapid whole-blood assay for D-dimer in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Ann Int Med 1998;129:1006-1011. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  60. Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M et al. Excluding pulmonary embolism at the bedside without diagnostic imaging: management of patiens with suspected pulmonary embolism presenting to the emergency department using a simple clinical model and D-dimer. Ann Intern Med 2001;135:98-107. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  61. Oral I, Tesař J, Náplava R, Mistrík J. Falešně negativní spirální CT-angiografie plicnice u rozsáhlé plicní embolizace. Cor Vasa 2006;48(6):247-250. Go to original source...
  62. Grifoni S, Olivotto I, Cecchini P et al. Utility of an integrated clinical, echocardiographic and venous ultrasonnographic approach for triage of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:1230-1235. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  63. Leibowitz D. Role of echocardiography in the diagnosis and treatment of acute pulmonary thrombembolism. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2001;14:921-926. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  64. Steiner P, Lund GK, Debatin JF. Acute pulmonary embolism: value of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography in comparison with helical CT. Am J Roentgenol 1996;167:931-936. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  65. McConnel MV, Solomon SD, Rayan ME, Come PC, Goldhaber SY, Lee RT. Regional righ ventricular dysfunction detected by echocardiography in acute pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol 1996;78:469-473. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  66. Hayashino Y, Goto M, Noguchi Y, Fukui T. Ventilation-perfusion scanning and helical CT in suspected pulmonary embolism: Meta-analysis of diagnostic performance. Radiology 2005;234:740-748. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  67. The PIOPED investigators. Value of the ventilation/perfusion scan in acute pulmonary embolism: Results of the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED). JAMA 1990;263:2753-2759. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  68. van Beek E Jr, Kuyer PMM, Schenk BE, Brandjes DPM, ten Cate JW, Büller HR. A normal perfusion lung scan in patiens with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism: frequency and clinical validity. Chest 1995;108:170-173. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  69. Hull RD, Rasko GE, Coates G, Panju AA. Clinical validity of a normal perfusion lung scan in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Chest 1990;97:23-26. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  70. Kearon C. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. CMAJ 2003;168(2):183-194. Go to PubMed...
  71. Remy-Jardin M, Remy J, Deschildre F et al. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with spiral CT: comparison with pulmonary angiography and scintigraphy. Radiology 1996;200:699-706. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  72. Perrier A, Howarth N, Didier D et al. Performance of helical computed tomography in unselected outpatients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Ann Intern Med 2001;135:88-97. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  73. Quiroz R, Kucher N, Zou KH et al. Clinical validity of a negative computed tomography scan in patiens with suspected pulmonary embolism. JAMA 2005;293:2012-2017. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  74. Hogg K, Brown G, Dubbing J et al. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with CT pulmonary angiography: a systematic review. Emerg Med J 2006;23:172-178. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  75. ##
  76. Jerjes-Sanchez C, Ramires-Rivera A, de Lourdes Garcia M, et al. Streptokinase and heparin versus heparin alone in massive pulmonary embolism: a randomized controlled trial. J Tromb Thrombolysis 1995; 2: 227-229. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  77. Goldhaber SZ, Visani L, De Rosa M, for ICOPER. Acute pulmonary embolism: clinical outcomes in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER) Lancet 1999; 353: 1386-1389. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  78. Konstantinides S, Geuibel A, Olschewski M, et al. Association between thrombolytic treatmen and prognosis of hemodynamically stable patiens with major pulmonary embolism. Results of a multicenter registry. Circulation 1997; 96: 882-886. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  79. Golhaber SZ, Elliott CG. Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Part II. Risk, Stratification, Treatment, and Prevention. Circulation 2003; 108: 2834. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  80. Torbicki A, van Beer EJR, Charbonnier B, et al. Task Force Report: Guidelines on diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J 2000; 21: 1301-1336. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  81. Riedel M. Plicní embolie. In:Aschermann M, Widimský P, Veselka J, Linhart A, Krupička J, Petrášek J. Kardiologie. Galen 2004: 947-1009.
  82. Goldhaber SZ, Haire WD, Feldstein LK,et al. Alteplase versus heparin in acute pulmonary embolism: randomised trial assesing right-ventricular function and pulmonary perfusion. Lancet 1993; 341: 507-511. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  83. Dalla-Volta S, Palla A, Santolicandro A et al. PAIMS 2: alteplase combined with heparin versus heparin in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism. Plasminogen activator Italia multicenter study 2. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 20: 520-526. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  84. Malý J, Widimský J. Léčba plicní embolie. In Widimský J, Malý J a kolektiv. Akutní plicní embolie a žilní trombóza. Patogeneze, diagnostika, léčba a prevence. 2. vydání. Triton 2005: 179-234.
  85. Kucher N, Uder CM, Dörnhöfer T,et al. Novel management strategy for patiens with suspected pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 366-376. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  86. Konstantinides S, Geibel A, Heusel G, et al. Heparin plus alteplase compared with heparin alone in patiens with submassive pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 1143-1150. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  87. Wan S, Quinlan DJ, Angeli G, Eikelboom JW. Thrombolysis compared with heparin for the initial treatmant of pulmonary embolism. A meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials. Circulation. 2004; 110: 744-749. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  88. Wicki J, Perrier A, Perneger TV, et al. Predicting adverse outcome in patiens with acute pulmonary embolism: a risk score. Thromb Haemost. 2000; 84: 548-552. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  89. Kucher N, Rossi E, Rosa M, Goldhaber SZ. Massive pulmonary embolism. Circulation. 2006; 113: 577-582. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  90. Bassand H. Přednáška na IX. výročním kongresu České kardiologické společnosti. Brno 2001.
  91. Urokinase-streptokinase embolism trial. Phase 2 results. A cooperative study. JAMA.1974; 229: 1606-1613. Go to original source...
  92. Goldhaber SZ, Kessler CM, Heit J,et al.Randomised controlled trial of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator versus urokinase in the treatment of pulmonary embolism. Lancet.1988; 2: 293-298. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  93. Mayer G. Sors H, Charbonnier B, et al.Effects of intravenous urokinase versus alteplase on total pulmonary resistence in acute massive pulmonary embolism: a European multicenter double-blind trial. J Am Coll Cardiol.1992; 20: 239-245. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  94. Goldhaber SZ, Kessler CM, Heit JA, et al.Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator versus a novel dosing regiment of urokinase in acute pulmonary embolism: a randomized controlled multicenter trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992; 20: 24-30. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  95. Meneveau N, Schiele F, Vuillemenot A, et al. Streptokinase vs alteplase in massive pulmonary embolism. A randomized trial assessing right heart haemodynamics and pulmonary vascular obstruction. Eur Heart J. 1997; 18: 1141-1148. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  96. Meneveau N, Achille F, Metz D, et al. Comparative efficacy of a two-hour regiment of streptokinase versus alteplase in acute pulmonary embolism: Immediate clinical and hemodynamic outcome and one-year follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998; 31: 1057-1063. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  97. Mezer C, Richter C, Rogalla P, et al. Tenecteplase for the treatment of massive and submassive pulmonary embolism. J Tromb Thrombolysis. 2004; 18: 47-50. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  98. Perler B. Thrombolytic therapies: The current state of affairs. J Endovasc Ther. 2005; 12: 224-232. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  99. The International Study Group. In-hospital mortality and clinical course of 20891 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction randomized between alteplase and streptokinase with and without heparin. Lancet. 1990; 336: 71-76. Go to original source...
  100. The ISIS-3 (Third International Study of Infarct Survival) collaborative group.ISIS-3: a randomized comparison of streptokinase vs tissue plasminogen activator vs anistreplase and of aspirin plus heparin vs aspirin alone among 41 229 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1992; 339: 753-770.
  101. Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Thrombolytic (ASSENT-2) Investigators. Single-bolus tenecteplase compared with front-loaded alteplase in acute myocardial infarction: the ASSENT-2 double blind randomized trial. Lancet; 1999; 354: 716-722.
  102. Raschke RA, Reilly BM, Guidry JM, et al. The weight-based heparin dosing nomogram compared with a standard care nomogram a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119: 874-879. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  103. Quinlan DJ,McQuillan A, Eikelboom JW: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Compared with Intravenous Unfractionated Heparin for Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism.Ann Intern Med 2004; 140: 175-184. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  104. The use of oral anticoagulants (warfarin) in older people. American Geriatrics Society Guideline Abstracted from Chest. Guidelines abstracted by Jacobs LG. Am J Geriatr Cardiol.2003; 12: 153-160.
  105. Kearon C, Gent M, Hirsh J, et al. A comparision of three months of anticoagulation with extended anticoagulation for a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 901-907. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  106. Kearon C, Ginsberg JS, Kovacs MJ, et al. Comparision of low-intensity warfarin therapy with convential-intensity warfarin therapy for long-term prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2003; 349: 631-639. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  107. Ridker PM,Goldhaber, SZ Danielson E,et al. Long-term, low-intensity warfarin therapy for the prevention of reccurent venous thromembolism. N Engl J Med.2003; 348: 1425-1434. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  108. The Matisse Investigators. Subcutaneous fondaparinuxus versus intravenous unfractionated heparin in the traetment of pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 1695-1702. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  109. Buller HR, Davidson BL, Decousus H, et al. Fondaparinuxus or enoxaparin for the initial treatment of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2004; 140: 967-793. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  110. Turpie AG, Bauer Ka, Eriksson BI, Lassen MR. Fondaparinuxus vs. enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in major orthopedic surgery: a metaanalysis of 4 randomized double-blind studies. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 1833-1840. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  111. Schulman S, Wahlander K, Lunstrom T, Clason SB, Eriksson H. Secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism with oral direct inhibitor ximegalatran. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 55. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  112. ##
  113. Malloy PC. Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism. In Trerotola SO, Savader SJ, Durham JD, eds. Venous Interventions. Fairfax: SCVIR, 1995:252-275.
  114. Fava M, Loyola S, Flores P, Huete I. Mechanical fragmentation and pharmacologic thrombolysis in massive pulmonary embolism. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1997;8:261-266. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  115. Fava M, Loyola S, Huete I. Massive pulmonary embolism: Treatment with the Hydrolyser thrombectomy catheter. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2000;11:1159-1164. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  116. Uflacker R, Strange Ch, Vujic I. Massive pulmonary embolism: preliminary results of treatment with the Amplatz thrombectomy device. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1996;7:519-528. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  117. Brady AJB, Crake T, Oakley CM. Percutaneous catheter fragmentation and distal dispersion of proximal pulmonary embolus. Lancet 1991;338:1186-1189. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  118. Sharafuddin MJA, Hicks ME. Current status of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy. Part II. Devices and mechanisms of action. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1998;9:15-31. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  119. Schmitz-Rode T, Günther RW. New device for percutaneous fragmentation of pulmonary emboli. Radiology 1991;180:135-137. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  120. Schmitz-Rode T, Janssens U, Schild HH, Basche S, Hanrath P, Günther RW. Fragmentation of massive pulmonary embolism using a pigtail rotation catheter. Chest 1998;114:1427-1436. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  121. Fava M. Fulminant pulmonary embolism: percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy dutiny cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2003;14 (Suppl):S115 (abstrakt). Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  122. De Gregorio MA, Gimeno MJ, Mainar A et al. Mechanical and enzymatic thrombolysis for massive pulmonary embolism. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2002;13:163-169. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  123. Uflacker R. Interventional therapy for pulmonary embolism. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2001; 12:147-164. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  124. Reekers JA, Baarslag HJ, Koolen MGJ, Delden OV, Beek EDR. Mechanical thrombectomy for early treatment of masive pulmonary embolism. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2003;26:246-250. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  125. Sharafuddin MJA, Hicks ME. Current status of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy. Part I. General principles. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1997;8:911-921. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  126. Dalen JE, Alpert JS. Natural history of pulmonary embolism. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1975;17: 257-270. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  127. Schmitz-Rode T, Janssens U, Duda SH, Eley CM, Günther RW. Massive pulmonary embolism: percutaneous emergency treatment by pigtail rotation catheter. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:375-380. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  128. The urokinase pulmonary embolism trial: a national cooperative study. Circulation 1973;47(suppl):II1-II108.
  129. Verstraete M, Miller GAH, Bounameaux H et al. Intravenous and intrapulmonary recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in the treatment of acute massive pulmonary embolism. Circulation 1988;77:353-360. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  130. ##
  131. Fedullo PF, Auger WR, Kerr KM et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1465-1472. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  132. Pengo V, Lensing AWA, Prins MH et al. Incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary embolism. N Eng J Med 2004; 350: 2257-2264. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  133. Becattini C, Agnelli G, Pesavento G et al. Incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after a first episode of pulmonary embolism. Chest 2006; 130: 172-175. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  134. Davidson PH, Armitage GH, McIlveen DJS et al. Chronic cor pulmonale due to silent pulmonary embolism. Lancet 1956; 2: 224-226. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  135. Neumann RD, Sostman HD, Gottschalk A. Current status of ventilation-perfusion imaging. Semin Nucl Med 1980; X: 198-237. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  136. Egermayer P, Peacock AJ. Is pulmonary embolism a common cause of chronic pulmonary hypertension? Limitations of the of the embolic hypothesis. Eur Respir J 2000; 15: 440-448. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  137. Hoeper MM, Mayer E, Simonneau G et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2006; 113: 2011-2020. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  138. Riedel M, Stanek V, Widimsky J et al. Longterm follow-up of patients with pulmonary thromboembolism. Late prognosis and evolution of hemodynamic and respiratory data. Chest 1982; 81: 151-158. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  139. Jamieson SW, Kapelanski DP, Sakakibara N et al. Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. Experience and results in 1,500 cases. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 76: 1457-1464. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  140. Dartevelle P, Fadel E, Mussot S et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2004; 23: 637-648. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  141. Pitton MB, Duber C, Mayer E et al. Hemodynamic effects of nonionic contrast bolus injection and oxygen inhalation during pulmonary angiography in patients with chronic major-vessel thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 1996; 94: 2485-2491. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  142. Kim NHS, Fesler P, Channick RN et al. Preoperative partitioning of pulmonary vascular resistence correlates with early outcome after thromboendarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2004; 109: 18-22. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  143. Thistlethwaite PA, Mo A, Madami MM et al. Operative classification of thromboembolic disease determines outcome after pulmonary endarterectomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002, 124: 1203-1211. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  144. Snyder WH, Kent DC, Baesch BF et al. Successful endarterectomy of chronically occluded pulmonary artery; clinical report and physiologic. J Thorac Surg 1964; 45: 482. Go to original source...
  145. Klepetko W, Mayer E, Sandoval J et al. Interventional and surgical modalities of treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43: 73S-80S. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  146. Feinstein JA, Goldhaber SZ, Lock JE at al. Balloon pulmonary angioplasty for treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2001; 103: 10-13. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  147. Bresser P, Pepke-Zaba J, Jais X et al. Medical therapies for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2006; 3: 594-600. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  148. Lindner J, Jansa P, Kunstýř J et al. Naše první zkušenosti s plicní endarterektomií pro chronickou tromboembolickou plicní hypertenzi. Cor Vasa 2004; 46(11): 552-555.




Interventional Cardiology

Madam, Sir,
please be aware that the website on which you intend to enter, not the general public because it contains technical information about medicines, including advertisements relating to medicinal products. This information and communication professionals are solely under §2 of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. Is active persons authorized to prescribe or supply (hereinafter expert).
Take note that if you are not an expert, you run the risk of danger to their health or the health of other persons, if you the obtained information improperly understood or interpreted, and especially advertising which may be part of this site, or whether you used it for self-diagnosis or medical treatment, whether in relation to each other in person or in relation to others.

I declare:

  1. that I have met the above instruction
  2. I'm an expert within the meaning of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. the regulation of advertising, as amended, and I am aware of the risks that would be a person other than the expert input to these sites exhibited


No

Yes

If your statement is not true, please be aware
that brings the risk of danger to their health or the health of others.